注意

转到末尾以下载完整示例代码。

TorchRL简介¶

这个演示在ICML 2022的行业演示日上展示。

它全面概述了TorchRL的功能。如有任何问题或意见，欢迎随时联系 vmoens@fb.com 或提交问题。

TorchRL 是一个用于 PyTorch 的开源强化学习（RL）库。

PyTorch 生态系统团队（Meta）已决定对该库进行投资，以提供一个领先的平台，用于在研究环境中开发强化学习（RL）解决方案。

它提供了pytorch和python-first，低级和高级抽象 # 用于RL，旨在高效、有文档记录并经过适当测试。代码旨在支持RL研究。大部分代码以高度模块化的方式用python编写，以便研究人员可以轻松替换组件、转换它们或编写新的组件，几乎不需要额外的努力。

本仓库力求与现有的 PyTorch 生态库保持一致，因此包含数据集模块（torchrl/envs）、变换（transforms）、模型、数据工具（例如采集器和容器）等。TorchRL 力求依赖尽可能少的外部库（仅需 Python 标准库、NumPy 和 PyTorch）。常用环境库（例如 OpenAI Gym）仅为可选依赖。

Content:

与其他领域不同，RL 更注重的是算法而不是媒体。因此，更难制作真正独立的组件。

TorchRL 不是：

一系列算法：我们无意提供强化学习（RL）算法的最先进（SOTA）实现，仅将这些算法作为使用本库的示例提供。
一个研究框架：TorchRL 中的模块化体现在两个方面。首先，我们致力于构建可复用的组件，使其能够轻松地相互替换。其次，我们竭尽全力确保各组件可以独立于库中其余部分单独使用。

TorchRL 的核心依赖非常少，主要为 PyTorch 和 numpy。所有其他依赖（如 gym、torchvision、wandb / tensorboard）均为可选。

数据¶

TensorDict¶

import torch
from tensordict import TensorDict

让我们创建一个 TensorDict。构造函数支持多种格式，例如传入一个字典，或使用关键字参数：

batch_size = 5
data = TensorDict(
    key1=torch.zeros(batch_size, 3),
    key2=torch.zeros(batch_size, 5, 6, dtype=torch.bool),
    batch_size=[batch_size],
)
print(data)

TensorDict(
    fields={
        key1: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([5, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        key2: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([5, 5, 6]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([5]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

您可以沿着TensorDict的batch_size进行索引，以及查询键。

print(data[2])
print(data["key1"] is data.get("key1"))

TensorDict(
    fields={
        key1: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        key2: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([5, 6]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)
True

以下展示了如何堆叠多个 TensorDict。这对于编写展开循环特别有用！

data1 = TensorDict(
    {
        "key1": torch.zeros(batch_size, 1),
        "key2": torch.zeros(batch_size, 5, 6, dtype=torch.bool),
    },
    batch_size=[batch_size],
)

data2 = TensorDict(
    {
        "key1": torch.ones(batch_size, 1),
        "key2": torch.ones(batch_size, 5, 6, dtype=torch.bool),
    },
    batch_size=[batch_size],
)

data = torch.stack([data1, data2], 0)
data.batch_size, data["key1"]

(torch.Size([2, 5]), tensor([[[0.],
         [0.],
         [0.],
         [0.],
         [0.]],

        [[1.],
         [1.],
         [1.],
         [1.],
         [1.]]]))

以下是 TensorDict 的其他功能：查看、置换、共享内存或扩展。

print(
    "view(-1): ",
    data.view(-1).batch_size,
    data.view(-1).get("key1").shape,
)

print("to device: ", data.to("cpu"))

# print("pin_memory: ", data.pin_memory())

print("share memory: ", data.share_memory_())

print(
    "permute(1, 0): ",
    data.permute(1, 0).batch_size,
    data.permute(1, 0).get("key1").shape,
)

print(
    "expand: ",
    data.expand(3, *data.batch_size).batch_size,
    data.expand(3, *data.batch_size).get("key1").shape,
)

view(-1):  torch.Size([10]) torch.Size([10, 1])
to device:  TensorDict(
    fields={
        key1: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 5, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        key2: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 5, 5, 6]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([2, 5]),
    device=cpu,
    is_shared=False)
share memory:  TensorDict(
    fields={
        key1: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 5, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=True),
        key2: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 5, 5, 6]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=True)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([2, 5]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=True)
permute(1, 0):  torch.Size([5, 2]) torch.Size([5, 2, 1])
expand:  torch.Size([3, 2, 5]) torch.Size([3, 2, 5, 1])

你可以创建一个 嵌套数据。

data = TensorDict(
    source={
        "key1": torch.zeros(batch_size, 3),
        "key2": TensorDict(
            source={"sub_key1": torch.zeros(batch_size, 2, 1)},
            batch_size=[batch_size, 2],
        ),
    },
    batch_size=[batch_size],
)
data

TensorDict(
    fields={
        key1: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([5, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        key2: TensorDict(
            fields={
                sub_key1: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([5, 2, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([5, 2]),
            device=None,
            is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([5]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

回放缓冲区¶

经验回放缓冲区是许多强化学习算法中的关键组件。TorchRL 提供了多种经验回放缓冲区的实现。大多数基础功能可支持任意数据结构（如列表、元组、字典），但若要充分发挥经验回放缓冲区的全部能力，并实现快速的读写访问，则建议优先使用 TensorDict API。

from torchrl.data import PrioritizedReplayBuffer, ReplayBuffer

rb = ReplayBuffer(collate_fn=lambda x: x)

添加可以通过 add() (n=1) 或 extend() (n>1).

rb.add(1)
rb.sample(1)
rb.extend([2, 3])
rb.sample(3)

[2, 1, 3]

优先级重放缓冲区也可以使用：

rb = PrioritizedReplayBuffer(alpha=0.7, beta=1.1, collate_fn=lambda x: x)
rb.add(1)
rb.sample(1)
rb.update_priority(1, 0.5)

以下是使用带 data_stack 的重放缓冲区（replay buffer）的示例。使用它们可以轻松地为多种应用场景抽象出重放缓冲区的行为。

collate_fn = torch.stack
rb = ReplayBuffer(collate_fn=collate_fn)
rb.add(TensorDict({"a": torch.randn(3)}, batch_size=[]))
len(rb)

rb.extend(TensorDict({"a": torch.randn(2, 3)}, batch_size=[2]))
print(len(rb))
print(rb.sample(10))
print(rb.sample(2).contiguous())

torch.manual_seed(0)
from torchrl.data import TensorDictPrioritizedReplayBuffer

rb = TensorDictPrioritizedReplayBuffer(alpha=0.7, beta=1.1, priority_key="td_error")
rb.extend(TensorDict({"a": torch.randn(2, 3)}, batch_size=[2]))
data_sample = rb.sample(2).contiguous()
print(data_sample)

print(data_sample["index"])

data_sample["td_error"] = torch.rand(2)
rb.update_tensordict_priority(data_sample)

for i, val in enumerate(rb._sampler._sum_tree):
    print(i, val)
    if i == len(rb):
        break

3
TensorDict(
    fields={
        a: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([10]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)
TensorDict(
    fields={
        a: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([2]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)
TensorDict(
    fields={
        _weight: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        a: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        index: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.int64, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([2]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)
tensor([1, 1])
0 1.0
1 0.28791671991348267
2 0.0

环境¶

TorchRL 提供了一系列环境包装器和实用工具。

Gym 环境¶

try:
    import gymnasium as gym
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    import gym

from torchrl.envs.libs.gym import GymEnv, GymWrapper, set_gym_backend

gym_env = gym.make("Pendulum-v1")
env = GymWrapper(gym_env)
env = GymEnv("Pendulum-v1")

data = env.reset()
env.rand_step(data)

TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        next: TensorDict(
            fields={
                done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                reward: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([]),
            device=None,
            is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

更改环境配置¶

env = GymEnv("Pendulum-v1", frame_skip=3, from_pixels=True, pixels_only=False)
env.reset()

env.close()
del env

from torchrl.envs import (
    Compose,
    NoopResetEnv,
    ObservationNorm,
    ToTensorImage,
    TransformedEnv,
)

base_env = GymEnv("Pendulum-v1", frame_skip=3, from_pixels=True, pixels_only=False)
env = TransformedEnv(base_env, Compose(NoopResetEnv(3), ToTensorImage()))
env.append_transform(ObservationNorm(in_keys=["pixels"], loc=2, scale=1))

TransformedEnv(
    env=GymEnv(env=Pendulum-v1, batch_size=torch.Size([]), device=None),
    transform=Compose(
            NoopResetEnv(noops=3, random=True),
            ToTensorImage(keys=['pixels']),
            ObservationNorm(loc=2.0000, scale=1.0000, keys=['pixels'])))

环境变换¶

变换（Transforms）的作用类似于 Gym 的封装器（wrappers），但其 API 更接近 torchvision 的 torch.distributions 变换。提供了丰富的变换供您选择。

from torchrl.envs import (
    Compose,
    NoopResetEnv,
    ObservationNorm,
    StepCounter,
    ToTensorImage,
    TransformedEnv,
)

base_env = GymEnv("HalfCheetah-v4", frame_skip=3, from_pixels=True, pixels_only=False)
env = TransformedEnv(base_env, Compose(NoopResetEnv(3), ToTensorImage()))
env = env.append_transform(ObservationNorm(in_keys=["pixels"], loc=2, scale=1))

env.reset()

print("env: ", env)
print("last transform parent: ", env.transform[2].parent)

env:  TransformedEnv(
    env=GymEnv(env=HalfCheetah-v4, batch_size=torch.Size([]), device=None),
    transform=Compose(
            NoopResetEnv(noops=3, random=True),
            ToTensorImage(keys=['pixels']),
            ObservationNorm(loc=2.0000, scale=1.0000, keys=['pixels'])))
last transform parent:  TransformedEnv(
    env=GymEnv(env=HalfCheetah-v4, batch_size=torch.Size([]), device=None),
    transform=Compose(
            NoopResetEnv(noops=3, random=True),
            ToTensorImage(keys=['pixels'])))

向量化环境¶

向量化/并行环境可以提供一些显著的速度提升。

from torchrl.envs import ParallelEnv


def make_env():
    # You can control whether to use gym or gymnasium for your env
    with set_gym_backend("gym"):
        return GymEnv("Pendulum-v1", frame_skip=3, from_pixels=True, pixels_only=False)


base_env = ParallelEnv(
    4,
    make_env,
    mp_start_method="fork",  # This will break on Windows machines! Remove and decorate with if __name__ == "__main__"
)
env = TransformedEnv(
    base_env, Compose(StepCounter(), ToTensorImage())
)  # applies transforms on batch of envs
env.append_transform(ObservationNorm(in_keys=["pixels"], loc=2, scale=1))
env.reset()

print(env.action_spec)

env.close()
del env

BoundedContinuous(
    shape=torch.Size([4, 1]),
    space=ContinuousBox(
        low=Tensor(shape=torch.Size([4, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, contiguous=True),
        high=Tensor(shape=torch.Size([4, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, contiguous=True)),
    device=cpu,
    dtype=torch.float32,
    domain=continuous)

模块¶

库中包含多个模块（工具、模型和封装器）。

模型¶

MLP模型示例：

from torch import nn
from torchrl.modules import ConvNet, MLP
from torchrl.modules.models.utils import SquashDims

net = MLP(num_cells=[32, 64], out_features=4, activation_class=nn.ELU)
print(net)
print(net(torch.randn(10, 3)).shape)

MLP(
  (0): LazyLinear(in_features=0, out_features=32, bias=True)
  (1): ELU(alpha=1.0)
  (2): Linear(in_features=32, out_features=64, bias=True)
  (3): ELU(alpha=1.0)
  (4): Linear(in_features=64, out_features=4, bias=True)
)
torch.Size([10, 4])

卷积神经网络模型示例：

cnn = ConvNet(
    num_cells=[32, 64],
    kernel_sizes=[8, 4],
    strides=[2, 1],
    aggregator_class=SquashDims,
)
print(cnn)
print(cnn(torch.randn(10, 3, 32, 32)).shape)  # last tensor is squashed

ConvNet(
  (0): LazyConv2d(0, 32, kernel_size=(8, 8), stride=(2, 2))
  (1): ELU(alpha=1.0)
  (2): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(4, 4), stride=(1, 1))
  (3): ELU(alpha=1.0)
  (4): SquashDims()
)
torch.Size([10, 6400])

TensorDictModules¶

某些模块专为处理 tensordict 输入而设计。

from tensordict.nn import TensorDictModule

data = TensorDict({"key1": torch.randn(10, 3)}, batch_size=[10])
module = nn.Linear(3, 4)
td_module = TensorDictModule(module, in_keys=["key1"], out_keys=["key2"])
td_module(data)
print(data)

TensorDict(
    fields={
        key1: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        key2: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 4]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([10]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

模块序列¶

将模块序列化变得简单，通过TensorDictSequential：

from tensordict.nn import TensorDictSequential

backbone_module = nn.Linear(5, 3)
backbone = TensorDictModule(
    backbone_module, in_keys=["observation"], out_keys=["hidden"]
)
actor_module = nn.Linear(3, 4)
actor = TensorDictModule(actor_module, in_keys=["hidden"], out_keys=["action"])
value_module = MLP(out_features=1, num_cells=[4, 5])
value = TensorDictModule(value_module, in_keys=["hidden", "action"], out_keys=["value"])

sequence = TensorDictSequential(backbone, actor, value)
print(sequence)

print(sequence.in_keys, sequence.out_keys)

data = TensorDict(
    {"observation": torch.randn(3, 5)},
    [3],
)
backbone(data)
actor(data)
value(data)

data = TensorDict(
    {"observation": torch.randn(3, 5)},
    [3],
)
sequence(data)
print(data)

TensorDictSequential(
    module=ModuleList(
      (0): TensorDictModule(
          module=Linear(in_features=5, out_features=3, bias=True),
          device=cpu,
          in_keys=['observation'],
          out_keys=['hidden'])
      (1): TensorDictModule(
          module=Linear(in_features=3, out_features=4, bias=True),
          device=cpu,
          in_keys=['hidden'],
          out_keys=['action'])
      (2): TensorDictModule(
          module=MLP(
            (0): LazyLinear(in_features=0, out_features=4, bias=True)
            (1): Tanh()
            (2): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=5, bias=True)
            (3): Tanh()
            (4): Linear(in_features=5, out_features=1, bias=True)
          ),
          device=cpu,
          in_keys=['hidden', 'action'],
          out_keys=['value'])
    ),
    device=cpu,
    in_keys=['observation'],
    out_keys=['hidden', 'action', 'value'])
['observation'] ['hidden', 'action', 'value']
TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 4]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        hidden: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 5]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        value: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([3]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

函数式编程（集成学习 / 元强化学习）¶

功能调用从未如此简单。使用from_module()提取参数，并将它们替换为to_module()：

from tensordict import from_module

params = from_module(sequence)
print("extracted params", params)

extracted params TensorDict(
    fields={
        module: TensorDict(
            fields={
                0: TensorDict(
                    fields={
                        module: TensorDict(
                            fields={
                                bias: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                                weight: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([3, 5]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
                            batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                            device=None,
                            is_shared=False)},
                    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                    device=None,
                    is_shared=False),
                1: TensorDict(
                    fields={
                        module: TensorDict(
                            fields={
                                bias: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([4]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                                weight: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([4, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
                            batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                            device=None,
                            is_shared=False)},
                    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                    device=None,
                    is_shared=False),
                2: TensorDict(
                    fields={
                        module: TensorDict(
                            fields={
                                0: TensorDict(
                                    fields={
                                        bias: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([4]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                                        weight: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([4, 7]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
                                    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                                    device=None,
                                    is_shared=False),
                                2: TensorDict(
                                    fields={
                                        bias: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([5]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                                        weight: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([5, 4]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
                                    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                                    device=None,
                                    is_shared=False),
                                4: TensorDict(
                                    fields={
                                        bias: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                                        weight: Parameter(shape=torch.Size([1, 5]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
                                    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                                    device=None,
                                    is_shared=False)},
                            batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                            device=None,
                            is_shared=False)},
                    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
                    device=None,
                    is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([]),
            device=None,
            is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

使用 tensordict 的函数调用：

with params.to_module(sequence):
    data = sequence(data)

VMAP¶

快速执行多个相似架构的副本是快速训练模型的关键。 vmap() 专为此目的而设计：

from torch import vmap

params_expand = params.expand(4)

def exec_sequence(params, data):
    with params.to_module(sequence):
        return sequence(data)

tensordict_exp = vmap(exec_sequence, (0, None))(params_expand, data)
print(tensordict_exp)

TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([4, 3, 4]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        hidden: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([4, 3, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([4, 3, 5]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        value: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([4, 3, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([4, 3]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

专门的类¶

TorchRL 还提供了一些专门的模块，用于检查输出值。

torch.manual_seed(0)
from torchrl.data import Bounded
from torchrl.modules import SafeModule

spec = Bounded(-torch.ones(3), torch.ones(3))
base_module = nn.Linear(5, 3)
module = SafeModule(
    module=base_module, spec=spec, in_keys=["obs"], out_keys=["action"], safe=True
)
data = TensorDict({"obs": torch.randn(5)}, batch_size=[])
module(data)["action"]

data = TensorDict({"obs": torch.randn(5) * 100}, batch_size=[])
module(data)["action"]  # safe=True projects the result within the set

tensor([-1.,  1., -1.], grad_fn=<AsStridedBackward0>)

The Actor 类有一个预定义的输出键 ("action")：

from torchrl.modules import Actor

base_module = nn.Linear(5, 3)
actor = Actor(base_module, in_keys=["obs"])
data = TensorDict({"obs": torch.randn(5)}, batch_size=[])
actor(data)  # action is the default value

from tensordict.nn import (
    ProbabilisticTensorDictModule,
    ProbabilisticTensorDictSequential,
)

使用概率模型也因为 tensordict.nn API 而变得简单：

from torchrl.modules import NormalParamExtractor, TanhNormal

td = TensorDict({"input": torch.randn(3, 5)}, [3])
net = nn.Sequential(
    nn.Linear(5, 4), NormalParamExtractor()
)  # splits the output in loc and scale
module = TensorDictModule(net, in_keys=["input"], out_keys=["loc", "scale"])
td_module = ProbabilisticTensorDictSequential(
    module,
    ProbabilisticTensorDictModule(
        in_keys=["loc", "scale"],
        out_keys=["action"],
        distribution_class=TanhNormal,
        return_log_prob=False,
    ),
)
td_module(td)
print(td)

TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        input: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 5]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        loc: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        scale: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([3]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

# returning the log-probability
td = TensorDict({"input": torch.randn(3, 5)}, [3])
td_module = ProbabilisticTensorDictSequential(
    module,
    ProbabilisticTensorDictModule(
        in_keys=["loc", "scale"],
        out_keys=["action"],
        distribution_class=TanhNormal,
        return_log_prob=True,
    ),
)
td_module(td)
print(td)

TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        input: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 5]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        loc: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        sample_log_prob: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        scale: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 2]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([3]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

控制随机性和采样策略是通过上下文管理器实现的， set_exploration_type：

from torchrl.envs.utils import ExplorationType, set_exploration_type

td = TensorDict({"input": torch.randn(3, 5)}, [3])

torch.manual_seed(0)
with set_exploration_type(ExplorationType.RANDOM):
    td_module(td)
    print("random:", td["action"])

with set_exploration_type(ExplorationType.DETERMINISTIC):
    td_module(td)
    print("mode:", td["action"])

random: tensor([[ 0.8728, -0.1334],
        [-0.9833,  0.3494],
        [-0.6887, -0.6402]], grad_fn=<_SafeTanhNoEpsBackward>)
mode: tensor([[-0.1132,  0.1762],
        [-0.3430, -0.2668],
        [ 0.2918,  0.6239]], grad_fn=<_SafeTanhNoEpsBackward>)

使用环境和模块¶

让我们看看环境和模块如何结合使用：

from torchrl.envs.utils import step_mdp

env = GymEnv("Pendulum-v1")

action_spec = env.action_spec
actor_module = nn.Linear(3, 1)
actor = SafeModule(
    actor_module, spec=action_spec, in_keys=["observation"], out_keys=["action"]
)

torch.manual_seed(0)
env.set_seed(0)

max_steps = 100
data = env.reset()
data_stack = TensorDict(batch_size=[max_steps])
for i in range(max_steps):
    actor(data)
    data_stack[i] = env.step(data)
    if data["done"].any():
        break
    data = step_mdp(data)  # roughly equivalent to obs = next_obs

tensordicts_prealloc = data_stack.clone()
print("total steps:", i)
print(data_stack)

total steps: 99
TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        next: TensorDict(
            fields={
                done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                reward: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([100]),
            device=None,
            is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([100]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

# equivalent
torch.manual_seed(0)
env.set_seed(0)

max_steps = 100
data = env.reset()
data_stack = []
for _ in range(max_steps):
    actor(data)
    data_stack.append(env.step(data))
    if data["done"].any():
        break
    data = step_mdp(data)  # roughly equivalent to obs = next_obs
tensordicts_stack = torch.stack(data_stack, 0)
print("total steps:", i)
print(tensordicts_stack)

total steps: 99
TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        next: TensorDict(
            fields={
                done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                reward: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([100]),
            device=None,
            is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([100, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([100]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)

(tensordicts_stack == tensordicts_prealloc).all()

True

torch.manual_seed(0)
env.set_seed(0)
tensordict_rollout = env.rollout(policy=actor, max_steps=max_steps)
tensordict_rollout


(tensordict_rollout == tensordicts_prealloc).all()

from tensordict.nn import TensorDictModule

Collectors¶

我们还提供了一组数据采集器，可自动按需收集每批次所需的帧数。它们支持从单节点、单工作进程到多节点、多工作进程的各种配置。

from torchrl.collectors import MultiaSyncDataCollector, MultiSyncDataCollector

from torchrl.envs import EnvCreator, SerialEnv
from torchrl.envs.libs.gym import GymEnv

EnvCreator 确保我们可以将一个 lambda 函数从一个进程发送到另一个进程为了简化起见，我们使用 SerialEnv（单个工作者），但对于较大的任务， ParallelEnv（多个工作者）会更适合。

注意

多进程环境和多进程收集器可以结合使用！

parallel_env = SerialEnv(
    3,
    EnvCreator(lambda: GymEnv("Pendulum-v1")),
)
create_env_fn = [parallel_env, parallel_env]

actor_module = nn.Linear(3, 1)
actor = TensorDictModule(actor_module, in_keys=["observation"], out_keys=["action"])

同步多进程数据收集器¶

devices = ["cpu", "cpu"]

collector = MultiSyncDataCollector(
    create_env_fn=create_env_fn,  # either a list of functions or a ParallelEnv
    policy=actor,
    total_frames=240,
    max_frames_per_traj=-1,  # envs are terminating, we don't need to stop them early
    frames_per_batch=60,  # we want 60 frames at a time (we have 3 envs per sub-collector)
    device=devices,
)

for i, d in enumerate(collector):
    if i == 0:
        print(d)  # trajectories are split automatically in [6 workers x 10 steps]
    collector.update_policy_weights_()  # make sure that our policies have the latest weights if working on multiple devices
print(i)
collector.shutdown()
del collector

TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        collector: TensorDict(
            fields={
                traj_ids: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.int64, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([2, 3, 10]),
            device=cpu,
            is_shared=False),
        done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        next: TensorDict(
            fields={
                done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                reward: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([2, 3, 10]),
            device=cpu,
            is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([2, 3, 10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([2, 3, 10]),
    device=cpu,
    is_shared=False)
3

异步多进程数据收集器¶

此类允许您在模型训练过程中收集数据。这在非策略（off-policy）设置中尤为有用，因为它将推理与模型训练解耦。数据按“先就绪、先服务”的原则交付（工作线程会将其结果排队）：

collector = MultiaSyncDataCollector(
    create_env_fn=create_env_fn,  # either a list of functions or a ParallelEnv
    policy=actor,
    total_frames=240,
    max_frames_per_traj=-1,  # envs are terminating, we don't need to stop them early
    frames_per_batch=60,  # we want 60 frames at a time (we have 3 envs per sub-collector)
    device=devices,
)

for i, d in enumerate(collector):
    if i == 0:
        print(d)  # trajectories are split automatically in [6 workers x 10 steps]
    collector.update_policy_weights_()  # make sure that our policies have the latest weights if working on multiple devices
print(i)
collector.shutdown()
del collector
del create_env_fn
del parallel_env

TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        collector: TensorDict(
            fields={
                traj_ids: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.int64, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([3, 20]),
            device=cpu,
            is_shared=False),
        done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        next: TensorDict(
            fields={
                done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                reward: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([3, 20]),
            device=cpu,
            is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        terminated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
        truncated: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([3, 20, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([3, 20]),
    device=cpu,
    is_shared=False)
3

目标¶

目标是编写新算法时的主要入口点。

from torchrl.objectives import DDPGLoss

actor_module = nn.Linear(3, 1)
actor = TensorDictModule(actor_module, in_keys=["observation"], out_keys=["action"])


class ConcatModule(nn.Linear):
    def forward(self, obs, action):
        return super().forward(torch.cat([obs, action], -1))


value_module = ConcatModule(4, 1)
value = TensorDictModule(
    value_module, in_keys=["observation", "action"], out_keys=["state_action_value"]
)

loss_fn = DDPGLoss(actor, value)
loss_fn.make_value_estimator(loss_fn.default_value_estimator, gamma=0.99)

data = TensorDict(
    {
        "observation": torch.randn(10, 3),
        "next": {
            "observation": torch.randn(10, 3),
            "reward": torch.randn(10, 1),
            "done": torch.zeros(10, 1, dtype=torch.bool),
        },
        "action": torch.randn(10, 1),
    },
    batch_size=[10],
    device="cpu",
)
loss_td = loss_fn(data)

print(loss_td)

print(data)

TensorDict(
    fields={
        loss_actor: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        loss_value: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        pred_value: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        pred_value_max: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        target_value: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        target_value_max: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        td_error: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([]),
    device=None,
    is_shared=False)
TensorDict(
    fields={
        action: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        next: TensorDict(
            fields={
                done: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.bool, is_shared=False),
                observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
                reward: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 1]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
            batch_size=torch.Size([10]),
            device=cpu,
            is_shared=False),
        observation: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10, 3]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False),
        td_error: Tensor(shape=torch.Size([10]), device=cpu, dtype=torch.float32, is_shared=False)},
    batch_size=torch.Size([10]),
    device=cpu,
    is_shared=False)

安装库¶

该库已在PyPI上：pip install torchrl 请参阅README以获取更多信息。

贡献¶

我们正在积极招募贡献者和早期用户。如果你正在从事强化学习（RL）相关工作（或只是对此感到好奇），欢迎试用！请向我们提供反馈：TorchRL 的成功与否，取决于它在多大程度上满足研究人员的需求。为此，我们需要您的宝贵意见！由于该库尚处于初期阶段，现在正是您按自身需求塑造它的绝佳时机！

有关更多信息，请参阅贡献指南。

脚本总运行时间： (2 分钟 32.651 秒)

估计内存使用量： 322 MB

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